{"video":[],"contents":[{"id":"wk-0","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":57.5,"end":70},"art":"Benito Mussolini","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/67/Mussolini_biografia.jpg/220px-Mussolini_biografia.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n\n<p><b>Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini</b> (<small>Italian pronunciation:&nbsp;</small><span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\" class=\"IPA\">[beˈniːto mussoˈliːni]</span>; 29 July 1883&nbsp;– 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943. He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship. Known as Il Duce (\"the leader\"), Mussolini was the founder of fascism.</p>\n<p>In 1912 Mussolini was the leading member of the National Directorate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). Prior to 1914 he was a keen supporter of the Socialist International, starting the series of meetings in Switzerland that organised the communist revolutions and insurrections that swept through Europe from 1917. Mussolini was expelled from the PSI due to his opposition to the party's stance on neutrality in World War I. Mussolini denounced the PSI, and later founded the fascist movement. Following the March on Rome in October 1922 he became the youngest Prime Minister in Italian history until the appointment of Matteo Renzi in February 2014. After destroying all political opposition through his secret police and outlawing labor strikes, Mussolini and his fascist followers consolidated their power through a series of laws that transformed the nation into a one-party dictatorship. Within five years he had established dictatorial authority by both legal and extraordinary means, aspiring to create a totalitarian state. Mussolini remained in power until he was deposed by King Victor Emmanuel III in 1943. A few months later, he became the leader of the Italian Social Republic, a German client regime in northern Italy; he held this post until his death in 1945.</p>\n<p>Since 1939, Mussolini had sought to delay a major war in Europe until at least 1942. Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, starting World War II. On 10 June 1940, Mussolini sided with Germany, though he was aware that Italy did not have the military capacity in 1940 to carry out a long war with France and the United Kingdom. Mussolini believed that after the imminent French armistice, Italy could gain territorial concessions from France and then he could concentrate his forces on a major offensive in Egypt, where British and Commonwealth forces were outnumbered by Italian forces. However the UK refused to accept German proposals for a peace that would involve accepting Germany's victories in Eastern and Western Europe, plans for a German invasion of the UK did not proceed, and the war continued.</p>\n<p>On 24 July 1943, soon after the start of the Allied invasion of Italy, the Grand Council of Fascism voted against him, and the King had him arrested the following day. On 12 September 1943, Mussolini was rescued from prison in the Gran Sasso raid by German special forces. In late April 1945, with total defeat looming, Mussolini attempted to escape north, only to be quickly captured and summarily executed near Lake Como by Italian partisans. His body was then taken to Milan where it was hung upside down at a service station for public viewing and to provide confirmation of his demise.</p>\n\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1191\nCached time: 20151026142150\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: true\nCPU time usage: 1.560 seconds\nReal time usage: 1.724 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 12538/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 93648/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 11947/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 23/40\nExpensive parser function count: 4/500\nLua time usage: 0.779/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 3.27 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n112.75% 1890.594 29 - Template:Infobox\n100.00% 1676.825 1 - -total\n 76.28% 1279.067 1 - Template:Infobox_officeholder\n 50.69% 849.982 17 - Template:Infobox_officeholder/office\n 4.42% 74.188 1 - Template:Pp-semi-indef\n 4.40% 73.770 1 - Template:Infobox_person/height\n 3.74% 62.654 1 - Template:Infobox_person/height/locate\n 3.52% 59.100 4 - Template:Cite_book\n 3.49% 58.488 1 - Template:Infobox_person/height/switch\n 2.94% 49.368 1 - Template:Redirect\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito Mussolini\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Benito Mussolini"},{"id":"wk-1","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":79,"end":105},"art":"Gran Sasso raid","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-567-1503A-07,_Gran_Sasso,_Mussolini_mit_deutschen_Fallschirmjägern.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-567-1503A-07,_Gran_Sasso,_Mussolini_mit_deutschen_Fallschirmjägern.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n<p>The <b>Gran Sasso raid</b> refers to <b>Operation <i>Eiche</i></b> (German for \"Oak\"), the rescue of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini by German paratroopers led by Major Otto-Harald Mors and <i>Waffen-SS</i> commandos in September 1943, during World War II. The airborne operation was personally ordered by Adolf Hitler, planned by Harald Mors, and approved by General Kurt Student.</p>\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1146\nCached time: 20151026142751\nCache expiry: 2592000\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.139 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.174 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 506/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 11332/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 4756/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 16/40\nExpensive parser function count: 1/500\nLua time usage: 0.036/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 1,011 KB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 1-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 133.205 1 - -total\n 64.59% 86.037 1 - Template:Operational_plan\n 35.31% 47.041 1 - Template:Use_dmy_dates\n 28.78% 38.330 1 - Template:Coord\n 14.38% 19.154 1 - Template:DMCA\n 12.04% 16.043 1 - Template:Dated_maintenance_category\n 11.75% 15.649 4 - Template:WPMILHIST_Infobox_style\n 9.26% 12.332 1 - Template:Start_date\n 8.32% 11.076 1 - Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME\n 5.67% 7.546 1 - Template:Ns_has_subpages\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran Sasso raid\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Gran Sasso raid"},{"id":"wk-2","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":205.5,"end":235.5},"art":"Fallschirmjäger","lang":"en","wiki":"<div>\n<p><i><b>Fallschirmjäger</b></i> (<i>Fallschirmjager</i> or <i>Fallschirmjaeger</i> in English) is the German word for paratroopers. They played an important role during World War II, when, together with the <i>Gebirgsjäger</i> they were perceived as the elite infantry units of the German military. After World War II, they were reconstituted as parts of postwar armed forces of both West and East Germany, mainly as special ops troops.</p>\n<p>German <i>Fallschirmjäger</i> in World War II were the first paratroopers to be committed in large-scale airborne operations. They came to be known as the \"green devils\" by the Allied forces they fought against, as well as for their uniquely distinct morale. </p>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1129\nCached time: 20151026143439\nCache expiry: 2592000\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.065 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.076 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 28/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 37/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 1/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 3/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/500\nLua time usage: 0.011/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 506 KB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 47.089 1 - -total\n 87.85% 41.368 1 - Template:Italics_title\n 6.70% 3.156 1 - Template:TOC_limit\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallschirmjäger\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Fallschirmjäger"},{"id":"wk-3","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":314.3,"end":344.3},"art":"Bombing of Rome in World War II","lang":"en","wiki":"<div>\n<p>The <b>bombing of Rome in World War II</b> took place on several occasions in 1943 and 1944, primarily by Allied and to a smaller degree by Axis aircraft, before the city was invaded by the Allies on June 4, 1944. Pope Pius XII was initially unsuccessful in attempting to have Rome declared an open city, through negotiations with President Roosevelt via Cardinal Francis Spellman. Rome was eventually declared an open city on August 14, 1943 (a day after the last Allied bombing) by the defending forces.</p>\n<p>The bombings of the \"Eternal City\" was for several reasons controversial, especially for the Americans. Rome had been the Capital City of Italy for around 70 years, but large parts of the city were older than 2500 years old. It is the Capital of Catholicism and within its city limits was the neutral Vatican City. The Vatican also owned many churches and other buildings outside its territory but in the City. Many Americans were against a major destruction of Rome, and the British War Cabinet refused to see bombing Rome as a crime against human history. The first bombardment occurred on the 19th July 1943 and was carried out by 500 American bombers which dropped 1060 metric ton of bombs. The entire working class San Lorenzo district was destroyed, and 4500 italian civilians were killed. The military targets were few, the large Stazione Termini is an end station (and railways from south to north didn't depend on this station) and the little industry manufactured textile products and glass. Winston Churchill approved the bombardment by the words \"I agree, W.S.C. 16.7.43.\" </p>\n<p>In the 110,000 sorties that comprised the Allied Rome air campaign, 600 aircraft were lost and 3,600 air crew members died; 60,000 tons of bombs were dropped in the 78 days before Rome was captured.</p>\n\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1140\nCached time: 20151026143643\nCache expiry: 2592000\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.018 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.022 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 45/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 3/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/500\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 0.000 1 - -total\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing of Rome in World War II\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Bombing of Rome in World War II"},{"id":"wk-4","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":410.4,"end":440.4},"art":"Victor Emmanuel III of Italy","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Vitorioemanuel.jpg/220px-Vitorioemanuel.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n\n<p><b>Victor Emmanuel III</b> (Italian: <span lang=\"it\" xml:lang=\"it\"><i>Vittorio Emanuele III</i></span>, Albanian: <span lang=\"sq\" xml:lang=\"sq\"><i>Viktor Emanueli III</i></span>; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was the King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. In addition, he claimed the thrones of Ethiopia and Albania as Emperor of Ethiopia (1936–41) and King of the Albanians (1939–43), which were not recognised by all great powers. During his long reign (45 years), which began after the assassination of his father Umberto I, the Kingdom of Italy became involved in two World Wars. His reign also encompassed the birth, rise, and fall of Italian Fascism.</p>\n<p>Victor Emmanuel abdicated his throne in 1946 to his son Umberto II, hoping to strengthen the support for the monarchy against an ultimately successful referendum to abolish it. He then went in exile to Alexandria, Egypt, where he died and was buried the following year.</p>\n<p>He was nicknamed by the Italians as \"Re soldato\" (Soldier King) and \"Re vittorioso\" (Victorious King) after Italy was victorious in the First World War. He was also nicknamed \"Sciaboletta\" (\"little saber\") due to his height of 1.53&nbsp;m (5&nbsp;ft 0&nbsp;in).</p>\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1232\nCached time: 20151026143900\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: true\nCPU time usage: 0.182 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.245 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1514/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 31342/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 4273/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 16/40\nExpensive parser function count: 4/500\nLua time usage: 0.078/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 2.82 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 221.068 1 - -total\n 39.41% 87.119 2 - Template:Infobox\n 37.64% 83.200 1 - Template:Expand_Italian\n 37.16% 82.148 1 - Template:Infobox_royalty\n 29.31% 64.804 1 - Template:Expand_language\n 20.61% 45.557 1 - Template:Ambox\n 15.60% 34.487 1 - Template:Height\n 13.61% 30.096 1 - Template:Convert\n 11.59% 25.625 3 - Template:Br_separated_entries\n 7.86% 17.386 2 - Template:Language_with_name\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor Emmanuel III of Italy\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Victor Emmanuel III of Italy"},{"id":"wk-5","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":606,"end":638},"art":"Otto Skorzeny","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-183-25,_Otto_Skorzeny.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-183-25,_Otto_Skorzeny.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n\n<p><b>Otto Skorzeny</b> (12 June 1908&nbsp;– 5 July 1975) was an Austrian SS-<i>Standartenführer</i> (colonel) in the German Waffen-SS during World War II. After fighting on the Eastern Front, he accompanied the rescue mission that freed the deposed Italian dictator Benito Mussolini from captivity. Books and papers written about him prior to the 2013 release of records pursuant to the Nazi War Crimes Declassification Act incorrectly refer to him as \"Field Commander\" of the operation. Skorzeny was the leader of Operation Greif, in which German soldiers were to infiltrate through enemy lines, using their opponents' languages, uniforms, and customs. At the end of the war, Skorzeny was involved with the Werwolf guerrilla movement.</p>\n<p>Although he was charged with breaching the 1907 Hague Convention in relation to Operation Greif, the Dachau Military Tribunal acquitted Skorzeny after the war. Skorzeny fled from his holding prison in 1948, first to France, and then to Spain. He later lived in Ireland.</p>\n\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1201\nCached time: 20151026150319\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: true\nCPU time usage: 0.236 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.313 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1008/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 26342/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 3374/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 16/40\nExpensive parser function count: 3/500\nLua time usage: 0.078/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 2.39 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 300.793 1 - -total\n 35.60% 107.084 1 - Template:Infobox_military_person\n 33.61% 101.102 1 - Template:Infobox\n 28.80% 86.617 3 - Template:Ambox\n 21.92% 65.919 1 - Template:Multiple_issues\n 14.36% 43.196 3 - Template:Br_separated_entries\n 12.36% 37.167 1 - Template:Use_dmy_dates\n 11.15% 33.527 1 - Template:Cite_book\n 7.95% 23.924 1 - Template:Refimprove\n 5.20% 15.644 1 - Template:DMCA\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto Skorzeny\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Otto Skorzeny"},{"id":"wk-6","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":646.2,"end":676.2},"art":"Ernst Kaltenbrunner","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/ErnstKaltenbrunner-12.jpg/220px-ErnstKaltenbrunner-12.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n\n<p><b>Ernst Kaltenbrunner</b> (4 October 1903&nbsp;– 16 October 1946) was an Austrian-born senior official of Nazi Germany during World War II. An <i>Obergruppenführer</i> (general) in the <i>Schutzstaffel</i> (SS), between January 1943 and May 1945 he held the offices of Chief of the <i>Reichssicherheitshauptamt</i> (RSHA, Reich Main Security Office) and President of the ICPC, later to become Interpol. He was the highest-ranking member of the SS to face trial at the first Nuremberg Trials. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed.</p>\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1135\nCached time: 20151026145654\nCache expiry: 2592000\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.593 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.649 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 6793/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 21563/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 4272/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 17/40\nExpensive parser function count: 1/500\nLua time usage: 0.143/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 1.55 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 576.114 1 - -total\n 91.80% 528.887 1 - Template:Infobox_officeholder\n 79.25% 456.571 5 - Template:Infobox\n 33.26% 191.624 17 - Template:Infobox_officeholder/office\n 7.13% 41.075 1 - Template:Redirect\n 5.14% 29.621 1 - Template:Marriage\n 3.97% 22.882 4 - Template:Br_separated_entries\n 1.66% 9.581 1 - Template:Flag\n 1.33% 7.650 2 - Template:Get_year\n 1.15% 6.626 1 - Template:Country_data_Nazi_Germany\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst Kaltenbrunner\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Ernst Kaltenbrunner"},{"id":"wk-7","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":696,"end":705},"art":"Schutzstaffel","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Schutzstaffel_Abzeichen.svg/100px-Schutzstaffel_Abzeichen.svg.png\"></div><br><div>\n\n\n<p>The <i><b>Schutzstaffel</b></i> (<b>SS</b>; also <img alt=\"Runic &quot;ᛋᛋ&quot;\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Schutzstaffel_SS.svg/16px-Schutzstaffel_SS.svg.png\" width=\"16\" height=\"15\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Schutzstaffel_SS.svg/24px-Schutzstaffel_SS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Schutzstaffel_SS.svg/32px-Schutzstaffel_SS.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"196\" data-file-height=\"186\"> with stylized \"Armanen\" <i>sig</i> runes; <small>German pronunciation:</small> <span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\" class=\"IPA\">[ˈʃʊtsˌʃtafəl]</span><small class=\"nowrap metadata\">&nbsp;(<img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"500\" data-file-height=\"500\"> listen)</small>; literally \"Protection Squadron\") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP). It began with a small, permanent guard unit known as the \"Saal-Schutz\" (Hall-Protection) made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for Nazi Party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under Himmler's leadership (1929–45), it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Built upon the Nazi ideology, the SS under Himmler's command was responsible for many crimes against humanity during World War&nbsp;II (1939–45). The SS, along with the Nazi Party, was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal, and banned in Germany after 1945.</p>\n\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1207\nCached time: 20151026150014\nCache expiry: 2592000\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.551 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.672 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1493/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 54514/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 4185/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 12/40\nExpensive parser function count: 2/500\nLua time usage: 0.110/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 2.74 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 352.575 1 - -total\n 44.19% 155.804 1 - Template:Infobox_Government_agency\n 39.51% 139.304 1 - Template:Infobox\n 21.60% 76.157 1 - Template:Nazism_sidebar\n 19.94% 70.287 1 - Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists\n 11.43% 40.297 1 - Template:Hatnote\n 9.91% 34.932 1 - Template:Use_mdy_dates\n 7.78% 27.427 1 - Template:Geobox_coor\n 7.59% 26.767 2 - Template:DMCA\n 6.66% 23.481 7 - Template:Unbulleted_list\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Schutzstaffel"},{"id":"wk-8","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":742.2,"end":772.2},"art":"Kurt Student","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1979-128-26,_Bernhard-Hermann_Ramcke,_Kurt_Student_crop.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1979-128-26,_Bernhard-Hermann_Ramcke,_Kurt_Student_crop.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n<p><b>Kurt Student</b> (12 May 1890 – 1 July 1978) was a German <i>Luftwaffe</i> general who fought as a fighter pilot during the First World War and as the commander of German <i>Fallschirmjäger</i> (paratroopers) during the Second World War. He was convicted of war crimes for his actions in Crete. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (German: <span lang=\"de\" xml:lang=\"de\"><i>Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub</i></span>). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves were awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. He lost the first major airborne operation of WWII, the Battle for The Hague in May 1940, where he narrowly escaped capture.</p>\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1223\nCached time: 20151026150255\nCache expiry: 2592000\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.160 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.201 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 571/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 11096/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 3052/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 12/40\nExpensive parser function count: 1/500\nLua time usage: 0.051/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 1.29 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 145.444 1 - -total\n 71.73% 104.323 1 - Template:Infobox_military_person\n 67.50% 98.174 1 - Template:Infobox\n 28.16% 40.952 1 - Template:Lang-de\n 26.37% 38.352 1 - Template:Language_with_name\n 24.56% 35.728 1 - Template:Lang\n 22.61% 32.890 1 - Template:Category_handler\n 11.26% 16.382 1 - Template:Plainlist\n 11.13% 16.185 3 - Template:Br_separated_entries\n 9.24% 13.444 3 - Template:Flag\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt Student\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Kurt Student"},{"id":"wk-9","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":804.8,"end":834.8},"art":"Herbert Kappler","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/HF1946Photo.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n<p><b>Herbert Kappler</b> (23 September 1907 – 9 February 1978) was the head of German police and security services (<i>Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD</i>) in Rome during the Second World War. He rose to the rank of SS-<i>Obersturmbannführer</i> and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its wartime neutrality.</p>\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1226\nCached time: 20151026150409\nCache expiry: 2592000\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.070 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.100 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 444/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 6131/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 885/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 12/40\nExpensive parser function count: 1/500\nLua time usage: 0.025/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 1.21 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 83.257 1 - -total\n 67.07% 55.842 1 - Template:Infobox_military_person\n 62.54% 52.066 1 - Template:Infobox\n 32.83% 27.335 1 - Template:Use_dmy_dates\n 14.74% 12.268 1 - Template:DMCA\n 13.35% 11.114 3 - Template:Br_separated_entries\n 12.67% 10.551 1 - Template:Dated_maintenance_category\n 11.55% 9.615 3 - Template:WPMILHIST_Infobox_style\n 8.96% 7.463 1 - Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME\n 6.95% 5.787 1 - Template:Flagicon\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert Kappler\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Herbert Kappler"},{"id":"gm-10","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":868,"end":898},"zoom":8,"mapType":"roadmap","ind":"Ponza, Province of Latina, Italy","loc":{"lat":"40.90","lng":"12.96"},"art":"Herbert Kappler"},{"id":"gm-11","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":912,"end":942},"zoom":8,"mapType":"roadmap","ind":"La Maddalena, Province of Olbia-Tempio, Italy","loc":{"lat":"41.22","lng":"9.40"}},{"id":"wk-12","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":978.1,"end":1008.1},"art":"Heinkel He 111","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-343-0694-21,_Belgien-Frankreich,_Flugzeug_Heinkel_He_111.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-343-0694-21,_Belgien-Frankreich,_Flugzeug_Heinkel_He_111.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n<p>The <b>Heinkel He 111</b> was a German aircraft designed by Siegfried and Walter Günter at Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in the early 1930s. It has sometimes been described as a \"wolf in sheep's clothing\" because it masqueraded as a cargo plane though its actual purpose was to provide the nascent Luftwaffe with a fast medium bomber. (Germany had been prohibited by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles from having an air force.)</p>\n<p>Perhaps the best-recognised German bomber due to the distinctive, extensively glazed \"greenhouse\" nose of later versions, the Heinkel 111 was the most numerous and the primary Luftwaffe bomber during the early stages of World War II. It fared well until the Battle of Britain, when its weak defensive armament, relatively low speed, and poor manoeuvrability were exposed. Nevertheless, it proved capable of sustaining heavy damage and remaining airborne. As the war progressed, the He 111 was used in a variety of roles on every front in the European theatre. It was used as a strategic bomber during the Battle of Britain, a torpedo bomber during the Battle of the Atlantic, and a medium bomber and a transport aircraft on the Western, Eastern, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and North African Fronts.</p>\n<p>Although constantly upgraded, the Heinkel He 111 became obsolete during the latter part of the war. It was intended to be replaced by the Luftwaffe's Bomber B project, but the delays and eventual cancellation of the project forced the Luftwaffe to continue using the He 111 until the end of the war. Manufacture ceased in 1944, at which point, piston-engine bomber production was largely halted in favour of fighter aircraft. With the German bomber force virtually defunct, the He 111 was used for transport and logistics.</p>\n<p>Production of the Heinkel continued after the war as the Spanish-built CASA 2.111. Spain received a batch of He 111H-16s in 1943 along with an agreement to licence-build Spanish versions. Its airframe was produced in Spain under licence by Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA. The design differed significantly in powerplant only, eventually being equipped with Rolls-Royce Merlin engines. The Heinkel's descendant continued in service until 1973.</p>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1147\nCached time: 20151026152013\nCache expiry: 2592000\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.083 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.099 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 252/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 2326/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 1015/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/500\nLua time usage: 0.013/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 564 KB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 72.132 1 - -total\n 70.55% 50.886 1 - Template:Infobox_Aircraft_Begin\n 49.70% 35.848 1 - Template:WPMILHIST_Infobox_style\n 20.20% 14.569 1 - Template:Infobox_Aircraft_Type\n 3.09% 2.230 1 - Template:TOC_limit\n 3.05% 2.203 1 - Template:Nowrap\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinkel He 111\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Heinkel He 111"},{"id":"wk-13","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":1034,"end":1065.9},"art":"Lake Bracciano","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lake_Bracciano_from_Castello_Orsini-Odescalchi.jpg/240px-Lake_Bracciano_from_Castello_Orsini-Odescalchi.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n\n<p><b>Lake Bracciano</b> (Italian: <span lang=\"it\" xml:lang=\"it\"><i>Lago di Bracciano</i></span>) is a lake of volcanic origin in the Italian region of Lazio, <span class=\"nowrap\">32&nbsp;km (20&nbsp;mi)</span> northwest of Rome. It is the second largest lake in the region (second only to Lake Bolsena) and one of the major lakes of Italy. It has a circular perimeter of approximately <span class=\"nowrap\">32&nbsp;km (20&nbsp;mi)</span>. Its inflow is from precipitation runoff and percolation, and from underground springs, and its outflow is the Arrone.</p>\n<p>The lake owes its origin to intense volcanic activity from 600,000 to 40,000 years before present, which created many small volcanoes in the <i>Sabatino</i> territory. The main magma chamber was situated under the present lake of Bracciano. Its collapse created the caldera now occupied by the lake, which is a crater lake. Some small craters are still recognisable around the lake and in the immediate vicinity.</p>\n<p>Three towns border the lake, Bracciano, Anguillara Sabazia and Trevignano Romano.</p>\n<p>The lake is an important tourist attraction situated near Rome. As it serves as a drinking water reservoir for the city of Rome it has been under control since 1986 in order to avoid pollution of its waters. The use of motorboats is strictly forbidden (exceptions being made for a few professional fisherman and the authorities), and a centralised sewer system has been built for all the bordering towns in order to avoid any spoiling of the water quality. This makes Bracciano one of the cleanest lakes of Italy. The absence of motorized navigation (apart from police boats) favours sailing, canoeing and swimming.</p>\n<p>In the last few years the lake and its surroundings have been brought under further protection by the creation of a regional park, the <i>Parco Regionale del complesso lacuale di Bracciano Martignano</i>.</p>\n<p>Under Pope Paul V, water was brought from Lake Bracciano to the Trastevere region of Rome and (via the Ponte Sisto) to the Rione of Regola.</p>\n\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1135\nCached time: 20151026152334\nCache expiry: 2592000\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.157 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.199 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 779/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 12083/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 2704/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 11/40\nExpensive parser function count: 1/500\nLua time usage: 0.072/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 2.82 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 163.978 1 - -total\n 73.39% 120.347 1 - Template:Infobox_lake\n 62.75% 102.892 1 - Template:Infobox\n 24.28% 39.807 6 - Template:Convert\n 22.43% 36.786 1 - Template:Lang-it\n 21.23% 34.814 1 - Template:Language_with_name\n 19.73% 32.347 1 - Template:Lang\n 18.29% 29.987 1 - Template:Category_handler\n 7.44% 12.195 1 - Template:Coord\n 3.98% 6.528 2 - Template:Nowrap\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake Bracciano\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Lake Bracciano"},{"id":"wk-14","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":1303,"end":1334.9},"art":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Dwight_D._Eisenhower,_official_photo_portrait,_May_29,_1959.jpg/220px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower,_official_photo_portrait,_May_29,_1959.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n\n<p><b>Dwight David</b> \"<b>Ike</b>\" <b>Eisenhower</b> (pronounced <span class=\"nowrap\"><span class=\"IPA nopopups\">/<span style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted\"><span title=\"/ˈ/ primary stress follows\">ˈ</span><span title=\"/aɪ/ long 'i' in 'tide'\">aɪ</span><span title=\"'z' in 'Zion'\">z</span><span title=\"/ən/ 'on' in 'button'\">ən</span><span title=\"'h' in 'hi'\">h</span><span title=\"/aʊər/ 'our' in 'hour'\">aʊər</span></span>/</span></span>, <span title=\"English pronunciation respelling\"><i><b><span class=\"smallcaps\"><span style=\"FONT-VARIANT: SMALL-CAPS; TEXT-TRANSFORM: LOWERCASE;\">EYES</span></span></b>-ən-how-ər</i></span>; October 14, 1890&nbsp;– March 28, 1969) was the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961, and the last U.S. President to have been born in the 19th century. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45 from the Western Front. In 1951, he became the first Supreme Commander of NATO.</p>\n<p>Eisenhower was of Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry and was raised in a large family in Kansas by parents with a strong religious background. He graduated from West Point and later married and had two sons. After World War II, Eisenhower served as Army Chief of Staff under President Harry S. Truman and then accepted the post of President at Columbia University.</p>\n<p>Eisenhower entered the 1952 presidential race as a Republican to counter the non-interventionism of Senator Robert A. Taft, campaigning against \"communism, Korea and corruption\". He won in a landslide, defeating Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson and temporarily upending the New Deal Coalition.</p>\n<p>Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in order to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for conventional military forces. In 1954, Eisenhower rejected the use of military force to help the French retain their colony of Vietnam. Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the Formosa Resolution, which obliged the U.S. to militarily support the pro-Western Republic of China in Taiwan and continue the ostracism of the People's Republic of China.</p>\n<p>After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but took no action. In 1958, Eisenhower sent 15,000 U.S. troops to Lebanon to prevent the pro-Western government from falling to a Nasser-inspired revolution. Near the end of his term, his efforts to set up a summit meeting with the Soviets collapsed because of the U-2 incident. In his January 17, 1961 farewell address to the nation, Eisenhower expressed his concerns about the dangers of corporate control of Congress and massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, and coined the term \"military-industrial complex\".</p>\n<p>On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He also launched the Interstate Highway System, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act, and encouraged peaceful use of nuclear power via amendments to the Atomic Energy Act.</p>\n<p>As a part of his domestic policy, he sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, for the first time since Reconstruction to enforce federal court orders to desegregate public schools. He also signed civil rights legislation in 1957 and 1960 to protect the right to vote. He implemented desegregation of the armed forces in two years and made five appointments to the Supreme Court. He was the first term-limited president in accordance with the 22nd Amendment.</p>\n<p>Eisenhower's two terms saw considerable economic prosperity except for a sharp recession in 1958–59. Voted Gallup's most admired man twelve times, he achieved widespread popular esteem both in and out of office. Since the late 20th century, consensus among Western scholars has consistently held Eisenhower as one of the greatest U.S. Presidents.</p>\n\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1129\nCached time: 20151026153310\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: true\nCPU time usage: 1.112 seconds\nReal time usage: 1.197 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 8916/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 55642/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 9682/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 17/40\nExpensive parser function count: 2/500\nLua time usage: 0.375/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 2.49 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 1149.299 1 - -total\n 86.23% 991.042 11 - Template:Infobox\n 74.43% 855.468 1 - Template:Infobox_officeholder\n 39.25% 451.102 17 - Template:Infobox_officeholder/office\n 6.58% 75.610 4 - Template:Cite_web\n 4.34% 49.839 1 - Template:Redirect\n 2.91% 33.496 1 - Template:Use_mdy_dates\n 2.18% 25.031 1 - Template:Marriage\n 2.11% 24.226 4 - Template:Br_separated_entries\n 2.11% 24.198 1 - Template:DMCA\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight D. Eisenhower\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Dwight D. Eisenhower"},{"id":"wk-15","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":1554.6,"end":1584.6},"art":"Erich Priebke","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_German_Reich_(1935–1945).svg/23px-Flag_of_German_Reich_(1935–1945).svg.png\"></div><br><div>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Erich Priebke</b> (29 July 1913 – 11 October 2013) was a German <i>Hauptsturmführer</i> (Captain) in the SS police force (Sipo). In 1996 he was convicted of war crimes in Italy, for participating in the massacre at the Ardeatine caves in Rome on 24 March 1944. 335 Italian civilians (among them 75 Italians of Jewish ancestry) were killed in retaliation for a partisan attack that killed 33 German soldiers. Priebke was one of those held responsible for this mass execution. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, he received help from a bishop stationed in Rome and fled to Argentina on a Vatican passport, where he lived for over 50 years.</p>\n<p>In 1991, Priebke's participation in the Rome massacre was denounced in Esteban Buch's book. In 1994, 50 years after the massacre, Priebke felt he could now talk about the incident and was interviewed by American ABC news reporter Sam Donaldson. This caused outrage among people who had not forgotten the incident, and led to his extradition to Italy and a trial which would last more than four years.</p>\n\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1201\nCached time: 20151026153713\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: true\nCPU time usage: 0.191 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.259 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 941/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 15051/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 998/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 16/40\nExpensive parser function count: 5/500\nLua time usage: 0.064/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 1.58 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 206.764 1 - -total\n 46.28% 95.697 1 - Template:Infobox_military_person\n 43.82% 90.604 1 - Template:Infobox\n 33.35% 68.951 1 - Template:Rewrite\n 25.99% 53.728 3 - Template:Ambox\n 17.89% 36.982 3 - Template:Br_separated_entries\n 10.78% 22.295 1 - Template:Use_dmy_dates\n 9.04% 18.698 1 - Template:DMCA\n 7.77% 16.074 1 - Template:Dated_maintenance_category\n 7.00% 14.468 3 - Template:WPMILHIST_Infobox_style\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich Priebke\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Erich Priebke"},{"id":"wk-16","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":1885.8,"end":1915.8},"art":"Heinrich Himmler","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R99621,_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R99621,_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n\n<p><b>Heinrich Luitpold Himmler</b> (<small>German:</small> <span title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\" class=\"IPA\">[ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈluˑɪtˌpɔlt ˈhɪmlɐ]</span><small class=\"nowrap metadata\">&nbsp;(<img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"500\" data-file-height=\"500\"> listen)</small>; 7 October 1900&nbsp;– 23 May 1945) was <i>Reichsführer</i> of the <i>Schutzstaffel</i> (Protection Squadron; SS), and a leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Nazi Germany. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler briefly appointed him a military commander and later Commander of the Replacement (Home) Army and General Plenipotentiary for the administration of the entire Third Reich (<i>Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung</i>). Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and one of the people most directly responsible for the Holocaust.</p>\n<p>As a member of a reserve battalion during World War I, Himmler did not see active service. He studied agronomy in college, and joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and the SS in 1925. In 1929, he was appointed <i>Reichsführer-SS</i> by Hitler. Over the next 16 years, he developed the SS from a mere 290-man battalion into a million-strong paramilitary group, and, following Hitler's orders, set up and controlled the Nazi concentration camps. He was known to have good organisational skills and for selecting highly competent subordinates, such as Reinhard Heydrich in 1931. From 1943 onwards, he was both Chief of German Police and Minister of the Interior, overseeing all internal and external police and security forces, including the Gestapo (Secret State Police).</p>\n<p>On Hitler's behalf, Himmler formed the <i>Einsatzgruppen</i> and built extermination camps. As facilitator and overseer of the concentration camps, Himmler directed the killing of some six million Jews, between 200,000 and 500,000 Romani people, and other victims; the total number of civilians killed by the regime is estimated at eleven to fourteen million people. Most of them were Polish and Soviet citizens.</p>\n<p>Late in World War II, Hitler charged Himmler with the command of the Army Group Upper Rhine and the Army Group Vistula; he failed to achieve his assigned objectives and Hitler replaced him in these posts. Realising that the war was lost, he attempted to open peace talks with the western Allies without Hitler's knowledge shortly before the war ended. Hearing of this, Hitler dismissed him from all his posts in April 1945 and ordered his arrest. Himmler attempted to go into hiding, but was detained and then arrested by British forces once his identity became known. While in British custody, he committed suicide on 23 May 1945.</p>\n\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1235\nCached time: 20151026155938\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: true\nCPU time usage: 0.640 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.753 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 8544/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 44906/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 8653/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 17/40\nExpensive parser function count: 5/500\nLua time usage: 0.238/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 2.91 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 690.161 1 - -total\n 63.75% 440.011 1 - Template:Infobox_officeholder\n 61.60% 425.120 11 - Template:Infobox\n 25.83% 178.301 17 - Template:Infobox_officeholder/office\n 15.47% 106.798 1 - Template:Pp-semi-protected\n 6.79% 46.832 1 - Template:Redirect\n 5.75% 39.654 1 - Template:Good_article\n 5.35% 36.930 1 - Template:Top_icon\n 3.98% 27.439 1 - Template:Use_British_English\n 3.78% 26.099 2 - Template:DMCA\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich Himmler\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Heinrich Himmler"},{"id":"wk-17","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":3380.5,"end":3390},"art":"Vittorio Mussolini","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http:null\"></div><br><div><p><b>Vittorio Mussolini</b> (27 September 1916 – 12 June 1997) was an Italian film critic and producer. He was also the second son of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. However, he was the first officially acknowledged son of Mussolini, with his second wife Rachele; his older half-brother was never officially acknowledged by Mussolini's fascist regime.</p>\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1198\nCached time: 20151026160057\nCache expiry: 2592000\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.007 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.007 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 1/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/500\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 0.000 1 - -total\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio Mussolini\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Vittorio Mussolini"},{"id":"wk-18","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":3401.3,"end":3410},"art":"Joachim von Ribbentrop","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H04810,_Joachim_von_Ribbentrop.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H04810,_Joachim_von_Ribbentrop.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n\n<p><i>SS-Obergruppenführer</i> <b>Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop</b> (30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946) was Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany from 1938 until 1945.</p>\n<p>Ribbentrop first came to Adolf Hitler's notice as a well-travelled businessman with more knowledge of the outside world than most senior Nazis and as an authority on world affairs. He offered his house for the secret meetings in January 1933 that resulted in Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany. He became a close confidant of Adolf Hitler, to the disgust of some party members, who thought him superficial and lacking in talent. He was nevertheless appointed Ambassador to the Court of St James (for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) in 1936 and then Foreign Minister of Germany in February 1938.</p>\n<p>Before World War II, he played a key role in brokering the Pact of Steel (an alliance with fascist Italy) and the Soviet–German non-aggression pact, known as the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. After 1941, Ribbentrop's influence declined.</p>\n<p>Arrested in June 1945, Ribbentrop was tried at the Nuremberg trials and convicted for his role in starting World War II and enabling the Holocaust. On 16 October 1946, he became the first of those sentenced to death to be hanged.</p>\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1205\nCached time: 20151026160245\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: true\nCPU time usage: 0.390 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.435 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 7149/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 24474/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 4264/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 17/40\nExpensive parser function count: 3/500\nLua time usage: 0.107/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 1.45 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 397.576 1 - -total\n 85.29% 339.101 1 - Template:Infobox_officeholder\n 83.26% 331.017 5 - Template:Infobox\n 36.03% 143.255 17 - Template:Infobox_officeholder/office\n 7.52% 29.910 1 - Template:Redirect\n 5.36% 21.291 1 - Template:Use_British_(Oxford)_English\n 4.57% 18.150 2 - Template:DMCA\n 3.92% 15.600 2 - Template:Dated_maintenance_category\n 3.74% 14.860 4 - Template:Br_separated_entries\n 2.60% 10.356 1 - Template:Birth_date\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim von Ribbentrop\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Joachim von Ribbentrop"},{"id":"wk-19","pos":{"top":5,"left":96},"time":{"start":3467.5,"end":3497.5},"art":"Rachele Mussolini","lang":"en","wiki":"<div style=\"float:left;margin-right:10px\"><img src=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Portrait_-_Rachele_Guidi.jpg/220px-Portrait_-_Rachele_Guidi.jpg\"></div><br><div>\n<p><i>Donna</i> <b>Rachele Mussolini</b> (née <b>Guidi</b> 11 April 1890 – 30 October 1979) was the wife of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.</p>\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1114\nCached time: 20151026160354\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: true\nCPU time usage: 0.135 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.175 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1058/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost‐expand include size: 6027/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 1430/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 16/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/500\nLua time usage: 0.042/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 1.01 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 1-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 158.256 1 - Template:Infobox_person\n100.00% 158.256 1 - -total\n 77.98% 123.407 1 - Template:Infobox\n 26.15% 41.383 5 - Template:Br_separated_entries\n 13.01% 20.591 1 - Template:Wikidata_image\n 11.42% 18.075 1 - Template:Marriage\n 7.30% 11.552 1 - Template:Birth_date\n 6.51% 10.310 1 - Template:Death_date_and_age\n 3.58% 5.665 4 - Template:MONTHNUMBER\n 3.39% 5.361 2 - Template:Get_year\n-->\n</div><a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachele Mussolini\" target=\"_blank\">Continua a leggere..</a>","title":"Rachele Mussolini"}]}